Resources
Essential documents
Recommended reading
- Living With Addison's Disease: A Guide For People With Addison's, Supporters and Professionals
- People With Adrenal Insufficiency Who Are in Adrenal Crisis Are Frequently Unable to Self-Administer Rescue Injections (PDF)
- Adrenal insufficiency: identification and management (PDF)
- Adriana's Adrenal Insufficiency (a children's book)
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FAQ
What is Addison’s disease?
Addison’s disease, also known as Primary Adrenal Insufficiency, is a rare disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, two essential hormones that help regulate blood pressure, metabolism, and the body’s response to stress.
What causes Addison’s disease?
In most cases, Addison’s disease is caused by an autoimmune reaction, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the adrenal glands. Other causes include infections (such as tuberculosis), genetic conditions, cancer, or damage due to surgery or bleeding into the adrenal glands.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often develop slowly and may include:
- Chronic fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- Weight loss and decreased appetite
- Low blood pressure or dizziness
- Darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation)
- Salt cravings
- Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Depression or irritability
How is Addison’s disease diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Blood tests to measure cortisol and ACTH levels
- An ACTH stimulation test to assess adrenal function
- Electrolyte panels to check sodium and potassium levels
- Imaging tests (e.g., CT scan) to evaluate the adrenal glands if needed
How is Addison’s disease treated?
Addison’s disease is treated with lifelong hormone replacement therapy, usually including:
- Hydrocortisone, prednisone, or dexamethasone to replace cortisol
- Fludrocortisone to replace aldosterone (if needed)
Patients also receive education on adjusting medication during illness or stress and are advised to wear a medical alert bracelet.
Can you live a normal life with Addison’s disease?
Yes. With proper treatment, regular medical monitoring, and education on stress dosing and emergency management, individuals with Addison’s disease can lead full and active lives.
What is an adrenal crisis?
An adrenal crisis is a medical emergency that occurs when the body is severely lacking cortisol, often triggered by stress, illness, or injury. Symptoms include:
- Severe vomiting or diarrhea
- Low blood pressure
- Loss of consciousness
- Shock
Immediate treatment with injectable corticosteroids and IV fluids is critical. Patients are advised to carry an emergency injection kit.
Is Addison’s disease hereditary?
While most cases are not inherited, some genetic forms of adrenal insufficiency exist, and family history may play a role. Your doctor may recommend genetic counseling in certain cases.
Can children have Addison’s disease?
Yes. Though rarer in children, Addison’s disease can occur at any age. Pediatric adrenal insufficiency may also be caused by genetic disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Pediatric cases require careful management by a specialist.
Where can I find support?
The Canadian Addison Society offers information, support groups, and resources for individuals and families living with adrenal insufficiency. You are not alone — we're here to help. Contact us today.